爱玩客

A |     央视网消息（新闻联播）：眼下，全国已春播粮食1.9亿亩，完成近两成。今年，我国把粮食增产的重心放到大面积提高单产上，在重点县整建制推进大面积单产提升。    

    Yuzhu-1 Henan indigenous pig 15k breeding array Photo: Courtesy of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China's largest pork-producing province has introduced a genomic breeding tool designed for indigenous pig breeding, a sign that the province is shifting from expanding volume toward improving hog quality.
The Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences announced the launch of Yuzhu-1 Henan indigenous pig 15k breeding array - commonly known as a gene chip - developed by the pig breeding team at its Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science. It is the first such tool customized for the province's native pig stock, the institute said on Monday.
Henan is home to multiple native pig breeds prized by consumers for their good flavor. However, they carry a commercial burden compared with imported lean-meat breeds, as they grow more slowly, consume more feed per kilogram of weight gain and deliver thinner margins, noted Xing Baosong, head of the pig research office at the institute.
Lifting those hurdles depends on sharper selection, which in local herds has long relied on visual assessment of physical traits, which is slow and imprecise. Genomic tools can speed things up, but mainstream commercial chips were built on imported breeds and lose accuracy on native Chinese stock. Yuzhu No 1 instead draws on whole-genome resequencing data from five of Henan's native pig breeds and two locally bred lines.
"In breeding we rely on estimated breeding values to judge an animal's genetic potential," Wang Ligang, a professor at the Institute of Animal Sciences under the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the Global Times on Monday. "An array matched to the breed makes that estimate more accurate. Previously there was a real chance we were selecting the wrong animals. Now we are far more likely to be selecting the right ones - and to select accurately for the traits a breed is known for, whether that is tender meat or high fertility."
The efficiency gap between native and imported pig breeds remains wide, said Wang, who is also with the Pig Branch of the Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Feed conversion ratios for local Chinese pigs run around 3.0, against below 2.5 for imported breeds, while reaching 100 kilograms takes native pigs 180 to 190 days compared with 130 to 140 days for exotic lines, he said. 
Despite this, China's native pig breeds have their advantages.
"Our pigs taste better, partly because they are raised longer," Wang said. "And they are far more robust. Exotic breeds can suffer heat stress and die in summer; when disease hits, they can go down in large numbers. Local pigs rarely do. They tend to recover. Some breeds in Northeast China can even tolerate severe cold."
He added that imported breeds drive efficiency, while native breeds ensure quality and offer a reservoir of genetic diversity for disease and stress resistance - traits that can be bred back into commercial lines.
The province slaughtered 64.74 million pigs in 2025, up 7.4 percent year on year, with pork output at 5.22 million tons, according to the provincial statistics bureau, making it the top pork and pig producer nationwide, according to industry statistics. 
In the first half of 2026, pig slaughter in the province rose a further 6.4 percent, accelerating 5.3 percentage points from the first quarter, against national growth of 1.7 percent. Xing said that more high-quality local black pigs will reach the market as Yuzhu No 1 is applied more broadly. 
Other major pig production provinces such as Southwest China's Sichuan, Northwest China's Shaanxi and South China's Yunnan have all developed their own arrays.
"Provinces with the most developed pig production are the ones pushing upmarket," Wang said. "Scale is no longer the only measure. If every province reaches this level, a pattern of one dedicated array per province could gradually take shape for China's native breeds."
。　　今年，农业农村部聚焦大豆、玉米、小麦、油菜等粮油作物，推进良田、良种、良机、良法、良制“五良”深度融合，在重点县整建制开展大面积单产提升行动。　　玉米是增产潜力最大的主粮品种。

B | 目前，西南玉米已经出苗，西北、东北春播正有序推进。玉米单产提升重点选育推广耐密植、抗倒伏、宜机收高产品种，大力推广高性能播种机提高播种质量，并主推密植精准调控高产技术。

C | 　　小麦是我国主要口粮作物。与以往高产创建万亩片相比，在重点县整建制推进单产提升，是从耕种管收、地种肥药全领域全环节补短板弱项，辐射带动大面积均衡增产。目前，不同区域小麦生长的主要障碍因子、增产潜力和关键技术已经明确。　　目前，农业农村部已确定大面积提单产路线图，即急抓1年、紧抓3年、续抓5年、长抓10年。依托绿色高产高效行动、粮食单产提升工程等项目，强化现有品种技术组装配套和集成创新，全面提高良种良法覆盖率和到位率。同时，聚焦核心种源、关键农机装备等领域，加强科技创新，推进高标准农田建设，促进单产稳定可持续提升。